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The following article defines refrigerant gases (i.e. the different refrigerant types and the categories of HCFCs, CFCs, PFCs), where they come from, why they are used, and how existing United States and European regulations require detailed monitoring and reporting of refrigerant usage, purchase and destruction, and service tracking.
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| Refrigerant Gases: Regulations & R-22 Phase Out |
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Refrigerant Tracker from Verisae enables accurate tracking and reporting of refrigerant gas usage across a distributed enterprise. Remain in compliance with Refrigerant Tracker. Know accurate inventories, keep updated maintenance logs, and track usage of refrigerants across all of your locations and AC/HVAC systems.
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The U.S. Clean Air Act is a congressional law that explains the EPA's task in protecting air quality and the ozone layer. This Act is maintained by the House of Representatives. Major amendments were passed in 1990 and several other changes were made after that with still more pending related to mandatory reporting of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.
Refrigerant gases are those used in climate control in commercial and business facilities such as warehouses, stores and office buildings. The refrigerants used in commercial heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) or regular air conditioning (AC) units include hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs), chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
HCFCs are used instead of CFCs which are known to destroy the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere. HCFCs do not have any of the organic chemicals chlorine or bromine, but they still do have a possibility of causing ozone depletion. These refrigerant gases are not only considered Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) but many of them also have very high Global Warming Potential ratios which results in their detailed tracking, monitoring, and reporting related to their Global Warming effects.
While perfluorocarbons do not contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, scientists worry that PFCs can contribute to global warming since they have a very high global warming potential (GWP). GWP is a ratio developed to determine which chemical substances and refrigerant gases released into the atmosphere create more warming. The most common greenhouse gas (GHG) talked about the most often is carbon dioxide (CO2) or just carbon for short.
CFCs have been used since the early 1930s and were found to deplete ozone in the 1970s. A chemical reaction caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation breaks off the chlorine atom in CFCs. This chlorine atom binds with oxygen already in the atmosphere. A second reaction splits the chlorine and oxygen and this is what causes the depletion of ozone.
Refrigerant gas tracking and management is necessary to assure that no ozone depleting or greenhouse gases escape into the atmosphere and contribute to destructive climate change. EPA Inspectors, governmental regulators, as well as many state officials are responsible for monitoring commercial AC and HVAC systems. They can do spot checks of the refrigerant service records, purchase orders, transit logs of gas transport for destruction, as well as many other pieces of data related to refrigerant gas management.
Existing and new legislation to be passed in 2009 requires companies keep accurate records that can be produced on demand by regulators to assure that AC and HVAC systems are not leaking and that all refrigerant gases are recovered correctly.
Due to the connection between refrigerant gases and their effect on climate change, many legislative bodies including various US states and the EPA have stepped up and increased the detailed refrigerant reporting requirements.
EPA Section 608 is a certification requirement for technicians before they can work on HVAC or AC systems. Section 608 also allows certified technicians to buy refrigerant in amounts of 20 pounds or more. Nobody can buy any amount of refrigerant unless they are certified.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has four certification classes. Type 1 is for small appliances. Type 2 is for high and very high pressure. Type 3 is a low pressure certification. Type 4 is a universal certification. Any technician with a particular certification type can only fix or recover equipment that is specified for the certification type.
Legislation due to become law in 2009 will require that all owners or operators of systems containing 50 pounds of refrigerant gas or more to monitor for leaks, maintain detailed service records, track all purchases of refrigerant, and submit annual reports of refrigerant usage and destruction annually.
Some of the larger AC or HVAC systems will require more frequent refrigerant reporting and more detailed system registrations. In all situations across not only service technicians, those who sell refrigerant gas, and those who own or operate AC or HVAC systems, the need for detailed, up-to-date refrigerant data, across an entire organization has never been more important.
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